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Icon](https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/wp-content/themes/unit42-v6/dist/images/icons/icon-clock.svg) 2 min read Related Products [![Advanced WildFire icon](https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/06/strata_RGB_logo_Icon_Color.png)Advanced WildFire](https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/product-category/advanced-wildfire/ "Advanced WildFire") * ![Profile Icon](https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/wp-content/themes/unit42-v6/dist/images/icons/icon-profile-grey.svg) By: * [Ryan Olson](https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/author/ryan-olson/) * ![Published Icon](https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/wp-content/themes/unit42-v6/dist/images/icons/icon-calendar-grey.svg) Published:October 10, 2014 * ![Tags Icon](https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/wp-content/themes/unit42-v6/dist/images/icons/icon-category.svg) Categories: * [Malware](https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/category/malware/) * [Threat Research](https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/category/threat-research/) * ![Tags Icon](https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/wp-content/themes/unit42-v6/dist/images/icons/icon-tags-grey.svg) Tags: * [Domain Generation Algorithms](https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/tag/domain-generation-algorithms/) * [Rovnix](https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/tag/rovnix/) * [![Download Icon](https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/wp-content/themes/unit42-v6/dist/images/icons/icon-download.svg)](https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/rovnix-declaration-generation-algorithm/?pdf=download&lg=en&_wpnonce=4a1c13b7e7 "Click here to download") * [![Print Icon](https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/wp-content/themes/unit42-v6/dist/images/icons/icon-print.svg)](https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/rovnix-declaration-generation-algorithm/?pdf=print&lg=en&_wpnonce=4a1c13b7e7 "Click here to print") Share![Down arrow](https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/wp-content/themes/unit42-v6/dist/images/icons/down-arrow.svg) * ![Link Icon](https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/wp-content/themes/unit42-v6/dist/images/icons/icon-share-link.svg) * [![Link Email](https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/wp-content/themes/unit42-v6/dist/images/icons/icon-sms.svg)](mailto:?subject=Rovnix%20and%20the%20Declaration%20Generation%20Algorithm&body=Check%20out%20this%20article%20https%3A%2F%2Funit42.paloaltonetworks.com%2Frovnix-declaration-generation-algorithm%2F "Share in email") * [![Facebook Icon](https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/wp-content/themes/unit42-v6/dist/images/icons/icon-fb-share.svg)](https://www.facebook.com/sharer/sharer.php?u=https%3A%2F%2Funit42.paloaltonetworks.com%2Frovnix-declaration-generation-algorithm%2F "Share in Facebook") * [![LinkedIn Icon](https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/wp-content/themes/unit42-v6/dist/images/icons/icon-linkedin-share.svg)](https://www.linkedin.com/sharing/share-offsite/?url=https%3A%2F%2Funit42.paloaltonetworks.com%2Frovnix-declaration-generation-algorithm%2F&title=Rovnix%20and%20the%20Declaration%20Generation%20Algorithm "Share in LinkedIn") * [![Twitter Icon](https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/wp-content/themes/unit42-v6/dist/images/icons/icon-twitter-share.svg)](https://twitter.com/intent/tweet?url=https%3A%2F%2Funit42.paloaltonetworks.com%2Frovnix-declaration-generation-algorithm%2F&text=Rovnix%20and%20the%20Declaration%20Generation%20Algorithm "Share in Twitter") * [![Reddit Icon](https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/wp-content/themes/unit42-v6/dist/images/icons/icon-reddit-share.svg)](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com//www.reddit.com/submit?url=https%3A%2F%2Funit42.paloaltonetworks.com%2Frovnix-declaration-generation-algorithm%2F&ts=markdown "Share in Reddit") * [![Mastodon Icon](https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/wp-content/themes/unit42-v6/dist/images/icons/icon-mastodon-share.svg)](https://mastodon.social/share?text=Rovnix%20and%20the%20Declaration%20Generation%20Algorithm%20https%3A%2F%2Funit42.paloaltonetworks.com%2Frovnix-declaration-generation-algorithm%2F "Share in Mastodon") Since the success of Conficker in 2008, multiple malware families have started using Domain Generation Algorithms (DGAs) to make their command and control infrastructure more resilient to take-down. By generating new domains every day, the attacker can re-capture their botnet even if one of the command and control domains is taken down or if security teams block access to them. Most DGAs create new domains somewhat randomly based on the day, month and year, along with some predefined inputs that allow the attacker to predict which domain the malware will use on a particular day. On October 9, [CSIS published a blog](https://www.csis.dk/en/csis/news/4472/) on the latest version of [Rovnix](https://www.welivesecurity.com/2012/02/22/rovnix-reloaded-new-step-of-evolution/), which appears to use the text of the US Declaration of Independence as an input to its DGA. While we haven't reverse-engineered the DGA yet, this tactic caught our attention because the malware does not include the text of the declaration within it, but pulls the text from a well-known source at constitution.org: [http://www.constitution.org/usdeclar.txt](https://www.constitution.org/usdeclar.txt) This text does not appear to be in control of the attacker, and if the owners of the website (The Constitution Society) were to change the content it would disrupt the DGA. Additionally, HTTP requests for this URL are now a potential indicator of a malware infection within a network (unless your company is filled with constitutional scholars). CSIS reported that this attack was targeting European organizations in June, so we checked our [WildFire analysis system](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/products/technologies/wildfire.html) for malware which had downloaded the text from the constitution.org website this year. Between March and September WildFire picked up a total of 279 distinct samples that contacted the URL in question. Here's how it breaks down by month: [![declaration\_generation graph](http://blog.paloaltonetworks.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/10/declaration_generation-graph-500x360.png)](https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/10/declaration_generation-graph.png) The attack started slowly in March with just a few unique samples and targets, but it quickly picked up in June and July with well over 10,000 sessions each month. The vast majority of these were e-mail based attacks using Polish language themes related to invoices (Faktura in Polish). The domains that result from the "declaration generation algorithm" contain small snippets of the declaration's text melded together followed by one of the following top-level-domains: * .com * .eu * .net * .cn * .ru * .su * .biz Here are just a few examples of the domains we picked up in WildFire: * kingwhichtotallyadminis.biz * thareplunjudiciary.net * townsunalienable.net * taxeslawsmockhigh.net * transientperfidythe.biz * inhabitantslaindourmock.cn * thworldthesuffer.biz Compared to typical DGA domains, these read like poetry. Unfortunately, as CSIS noted in their blog and as the chart above illustrates, the latest Rovnix version has stopped using this DGA and is now using a fixed-domain for command and control. Fortunately, WildFire is already detecting the latest variants as malware and is still protecting Palo Alto Networks customers from this threat. Back to top ### Tags * [Domain Generation Algorithms](https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/tag/domain-generation-algorithms/ "Domain Generation Algorithms") * [Rovnix](https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/tag/rovnix/ "Rovnix") [Threat Research Center](https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com "Threat Research") [Next: New Indicators of Compromise for APT Group Nitro Uncovered](https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/new-indicators-compromise-apt-group-nitro-uncovered/ "New Indicators of Compromise for APT Group Nitro Uncovered") ### Related Articles * [The Next Level: Typo DGAs Used in Malicious Redirection Chains](https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/typo-domain-generation-algorithms/ "article - table of contents") * [Threat Brief: Understanding Domain Generation Algorithms (DGA)](https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/threat-brief-understanding-domain-generation-algorithms-dga/ "article - table of contents") * [We Know It Before You Do: Predicting Malicious Domains](https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/know-predicting-malicious-domains/ "article - table of contents") ## Related Malware Resources ![Pictorial representation of a magnifying glass illuminating a glowing orange circular digital circuit interface on a dark, high-tech background.](https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/09/04_Myth-Busting_Overview_1920x900-786x368.jpg) [![category icon](https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/08/Insights-icon-white.svg)Insights](https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/category/insights/) September 16, 2026 [#### Atomic macOS (AMOS) Stealer Activity](https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/atomic-macos-amos-stealer-activity/) * [MacOS](https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/tag/macos/ "macOS") * [Threat intelligence](https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/tag/threat-intelligence/ "threat intelligence") * [Unit 42](https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/tag/unit-42/ "Unit 42") [Read now ![Right arrow](https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/wp-content/themes/unit42-v6/dist/images/icons/icon-right-arrow-withtail.svg)](https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/atomic-macos-amos-stealer-activity/ "Atomic macOS (AMOS) Stealer Activity") ![Pictorial representation of post-exploitation identity misuse in SPIFFE/SPIRE. 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