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[Ransomware](https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/category/ransomware/ "Ransomware") [Ransomware](https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/category/ransomware/) # Threat Assessment: Ryuk Ransomware ![Clock Icon](https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/wp-content/themes/unit42-v6/dist/images/icons/icon-clock.svg) 9 min read Related Products [![Advanced DNS Security icon](https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/06/strata_RGB_logo_Icon_Color.png)Advanced DNS Security](https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/product-category/advanced-dns-security/ "Advanced DNS Security")[![Advanced WildFire icon](https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/06/strata_RGB_logo_Icon_Color.png)Advanced WildFire](https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/product-category/advanced-wildfire/ "Advanced WildFire")[![Cortex XDR icon](https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/06/cortex_RGB_logo_Icon_Color.png)Cortex 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[Malware](https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/category/malware/) * [Ransomware](https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/category/ransomware/) * [Threat Actor Groups](https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/category/threat-actor-groups/) * ![Tags Icon](https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/wp-content/themes/unit42-v6/dist/images/icons/icon-tags-grey.svg) Tags: * [BazaLoader](https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/tag/bazaloader/) * [Hissing Scorpius](https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/tag/hissing-scorpius/) * [Joint cybersecurity alert](https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/tag/joint-cybersecurity-alert/) * [Ryuk](https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/tag/ryuk/) * [Trickbot](https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/tag/trickbot/) * [![Download Icon](https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/wp-content/themes/unit42-v6/dist/images/icons/icon-download.svg)](https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/ryuk-ransomware/?pdf=download&lg=en&_wpnonce=40dbae5d0f "Click here to download") * [![Print 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Threat operators have displayed a heightened interest in targeting the healthcare and the public health sector, potentially disrupting healthcare services and operations. Activities observed include the use of Trickbot malware, a well-known information stealer that can lead to the installation of other malicious files, including Ryuk ransomware. This alert comes shortly after Universal Health Services (UHS) reported a Ryuk [ransomware attack](https://healthitsecurity.com/news/uhs-health-system-ransomware-attack-security-probed-by-senator) that disrupted all U.S. UHS sites for weeks. Other U.S.-based hospitals have reported similar ransomware attacks, including a hospital in [Oregon](https://www.beckershospitalreview.com/cybersecurity/oregon-hospital-shuts-down-computer-system-after-ransomware-attack-4-notes.html) and one in [New York](https://www.wwnytv.com/2020/10/27/gouverneur-canton-potsdam-hospitals-dealing-with-computer-problems/). Similarly, a health tech organization in [Philadelphia](https://www.beckershospitalreview.com/cybersecurity/ransomware-hits-clinical-trials-software-company-4-details.html) was also the target of a ransomware attack. Palo Alto Networks [security subscriptions](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/network-security/security-subscriptions) for the Next-Generation Firewall with [WildFire](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/products/secure-the-network/wildfire) detects activity associated with Trickbot and Ryuk. The [DNS Security](https://www.paloaltonetworks.co.uk/products/threat-detection-and-prevention/dns-security) subscription is able to detect the Anchor\_DNS DNS tunneling described in this blog. [Cortex XDR](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/cortex/cortex-xdr) also contains an Anti-Ransomware Protection module and an Anti-Malware Protection module, which target encryption-based activities associated with ransomware and other malicious file behaviors. Additionally, [AutoFocus](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/cortex/autofocus) customers can review activity related to this threat activity with the following tags: [Ryuk](https://autofocus.paloaltonetworks.com/#/tag/Unit42.Ryuk), [Trickbot](https://autofocus.paloaltonetworks.com/#/tag/Unit42.TrickBot) and [BazaLoader](https://autofocus.paloaltonetworks.com/#/tag/Unit42.BazarLoader). ## **Malware Overview** Trickbot is [modular malware](https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/goodbye-mworm-hello-nworm-trickbot-updates-propagation-module/) that provides backdoor access, enabling operators to distribute additional malware onto victim systems, and includes other capabilities such as worm functionality and system enumeration. One of the newest modules, Anchor\_DNS, is used for DNS tunneling during command and control (C2) actions. The Anchor\_DNS module uses PowerShell to run scripts and makes multiple DNS requests including connectivity checks to benign legitimate domains. Malware often does this to confirm an active network connection that will allow the threat operator to communicate with that system during C2 activities. The following legitimate domains may be used during this check: |-------------------------------| | ipecho\[.\]net | | api\[.\]ipify\[.\]org | | checkip\[.\]amazonaws\[.\]com | | ip\[.\]anysrc\[.\]net | | wtfismyip\[.\]com | | ipinfo\[.\]io | | icanhazip\[.\]com | | myexternalip\[.\]com | *Table 1. Legitimate domains used by Trickbot Anchor\_DNS module to conduct internet connectivity checks.* Ryuk ransomware is typically denoted by a file named "RyukReadMe" placed onto the system. This ransomware is often seen at the end of multi-stage attacks involving malware such as Trickbot and, more recently, [BazaLoader](https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2020/10/kegtap-and-singlemalt-with-a-ransomware-chaser.html) (also known as "BazarLoader"). In many cases, Ryuk is not loaded onto the system until weeks or months after the initial infection. Ryuk operators learn the victim network by enumerating the impacted environment with tools that may be familiar to that environment, such as PowerShell and Windows Management Instrumentation. Prior to encryption, the following commands may be run on a compromised system: C:\\Windows\\System32\\net.exe stop audioendpointbuilder /y C:\\Windows\\System32\\net.exe stop samss /y C:\\Windows\\System32\\net.exe stop MSSQL$SQLEXPRESS /y You can review the [joint cybersecurity advisory](https://us-cert.cisa.gov/ncas/alerts/aa20-302a) for additional details on Ryuk and Trickbot activities associated with the targeting of Healthcare and the Public Health Sector. The initial intrusion vector for both Trickbot and BazaLoader infections is most often observed through malicious emails. You can find recently confirmed Trickbot samples on [MalwareBazaar](https://bazaar.abuse.ch/browse/signature/Trickbot/) and additional information on Trickbot modules on the [Unit 42 blog](https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/tag/trickbot/). Recent samples of [Ryuk](https://bazaar.abuse.ch/browse/signature/Ryuk/) and [BazaLoader](https://bazaar.abuse.ch/browse/signature/BazaLoader/) can also be found on MalwareBaazar. More information on ransomware can be found in the [2021 Unit 42 Ransomware Threat Report](https://start.paloaltonetworks.com/unit-42-ransomware-threat-report). ## **Courses of Action** This section documents the relevant tactics and techniques associated with Ryuk and Trickbot activities and maps them directly to Palo Alto Networks product(s) and service(s). Palo Alto Networks customers can utilize this table to verify current configurations within their environments. |----------------------|-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|-----------------------|------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------| | **Tactic** | **Technique \[Mitre ATT\&CK ID\]** | **Product / Service** | **Course of Action** | | Initial Access | [Spearphishing Attachment \[T1566.001\] (Phishing \[T1566\])](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1566/001/) | NGFW | Setup File Blocking | | Initial Access | [Spearphishing Attachment \[T1566.001\] (Phishing \[T1566\])](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1566/001/) | Threat Prevention† | Ensure that antivirus profiles are set to block on all decoders except 'imap' and 'pop3' | | Initial Access | [Spearphishing Attachment \[T1566.001\] (Phishing \[T1566\])](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1566/001/) | Threat Prevention† | Ensure a secure antivirus profile is applied to all relevant security policies | | Initial Access | [Spearphishing Attachment \[T1566.001\] (Phishing \[T1566\])](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1566/001/) | WildFire† | Ensure that WildFire file size upload limits are maximized | | Initial Access | [Spearphishing Attachment \[T1566.001\] (Phishing \[T1566\])](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1566/001/) | WildFire† | Ensure forwarding is enabled for all applications and file types in WildFire file blocking profiles | | Initial Access | [Spearphishing Attachment \[T1566.001\] (Phishing \[T1566\])](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1566/001/) | WildFire† | Ensure a WildFire Analysis profile is enabled for all security policies | | Initial Access | [Spearphishing Attachment \[T1566.001\] (Phishing \[T1566\])](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1566/001/) | WildFire† | Ensure forwarding of decrypted content to WildFire is enabled | | Initial Access | [Spearphishing Attachment \[T1566.001\] (Phishing \[T1566\])](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1566/001/) | WildFire† | Ensure all WildFire session information settings are enabled | | Initial Access | [Spearphishing Attachment \[T1566.001\] (Phishing \[T1566\])](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1566/001/) | WildFire† | Ensure alerts are enabled for malicious files detected by WildFire | | Initial Access | [Spearphishing Attachment \[T1566.001\] (Phishing \[T1566\])](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1566/001/) | WildFire† | Ensure 'WildFire Update Schedule' is set to download and install updates every minute | | Initial Access | [Spearphishing Attachment \[T1566.001\] (Phishing \[T1566\])](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1566/001/) | Cortex XDR | Configure Malware Security Profile | | Initial Access | [Spearphishing Attachment \[T1566.001\] (Phishing \[T1566\])](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1566/001/) | Cortex XSOAR | Deploy XSOAR Playbook - Phishing Investigation - Generic V2 | | Initial Access | [Spearphishing Attachment \[T1566.001\] (Phishing \[T1566\])](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1566/001/) | Cortex XSOAR | Deploy XSOAR Playbook - Endpoint Malware Investigation | | Initial Access | [Spearphishing Link \[T1566.002\] (Phishing \[T1566\])](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1566/002/) | NGFW | Ensure application security policies exist when allowing traffic from an untrusted zone to a more trusted zone | | Initial Access | [Spearphishing Link \[T1566.002\] (Phishing \[T1566\])](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1566/002/) | NGFW | Ensure 'Service setting of ANY' in a security policy allowing traffic does not exist | | Initial Access | [Spearphishing Link \[T1566.002\] (Phishing \[T1566\])](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1566/002/) | NGFW | Ensure 'Security Policy' denying any/all traffic to/from IP addresses on Trusted Threat Intelligence Sources Exists | | Initial Access | [Spearphishing Link \[T1566.002\] (Phishing \[T1566\])](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1566/002/) | Threat Prevention† | Ensure that antivirus profiles are set to block on all decoders except 'imap' and 'pop3' | | Initial Access | [Spearphishing Link \[T1566.002\] (Phishing \[T1566\])](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1566/002/) | Threat Prevention† | Ensure a secure antivirus profile is applied to all relevant security policies | | Initial Access | [Spearphishing Link \[T1566.002\] (Phishing \[T1566\])](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1566/002/) | Threat Prevention† | Ensure that User Credential Submission uses the action of "block" or "continue" on the URL categories | | Initial Access | [Spearphishing Link \[T1566.002\] (Phishing \[T1566\])](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1566/002/) | URL Filtering† | Ensure that PAN-DB URL Filtering is used | | Initial Access | [Spearphishing Link \[T1566.002\] (Phishing \[T1566\])](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1566/002/) | URL Filtering† | Ensure that URL Filtering uses the action of "block" or "override" on the \ URL categories | | Initial Access | [Spearphishing Link \[T1566.002\] (Phishing \[T1566\])](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1566/002/) | URL Filtering† | Ensure that access to every URL is logged | | Initial Access | [Spearphishing Link \[T1566.002\] (Phishing \[T1566\])](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1566/002/) | URL Filtering† | Ensure all HTTP Header Logging options are enabled | | Initial Access | [Spearphishing Link \[T1566.002\] (Phishing \[T1566\])](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1566/002/) | URL Filtering† | Ensure secure URL filtering is enabled for all security policies allowing traffic to the Internet | | Initial Access | [Spearphishing Link \[T1566.002\] (Phishing \[T1566\])](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1566/002/) | WildFire† | Ensure that WildFire file size upload limits are maximized | | Initial Access | [Spearphishing Link \[T1566.002\] (Phishing \[T1566\])](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1566/002/) | WildFire† | Ensure forwarding is enabled for all applications and file types in WildFire file blocking profiles | | Initial Access | [Spearphishing Link \[T1566.002\] (Phishing \[T1566\])](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1566/002/) | WildFire† | Ensure a WildFire Analysis profile is enabled for all security policies | | Initial Access | [Spearphishing Link \[T1566.002\] (Phishing \[T1566\])](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1566/002/) | WildFire† | Ensure forwarding of decrypted content to WildFire is enabled | | Initial Access | [Spearphishing Link \[T1566.002\] (Phishing \[T1566\])](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1566/002/) | WildFire† | Ensure all WildFire session information settings are enabled | | Initial Access | [Spearphishing Link \[T1566.002\] (Phishing \[T1566\])](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1566/002/) | WildFire† | Ensure alerts are enabled for malicious files detected by WildFire | | Initial Access | [Spearphishing Link \[T1566.002\] (Phishing \[T1566\])](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1566/002/) | WildFire† | Ensure 'WildFire Update Schedule' is set to download and install updates every minute | | Initial Access | [Spearphishing Link \[T1566.002\] (Phishing \[T1566\])](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1566/002/) | Cortex XSOAR | Deploy XSOAR Playbook - Block URL | | Initial Access | [Spearphishing Link \[T1566.002\] (Phishing \[T1566\])](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1566/002/) | Cortex XSOAR | Deploy XSOAR Playbook - Phishing Investigation - Generic V2 | | Initial Access | [Local Accounts \[T1078.003\] (Valid Accounts \[T1078\])](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1078/003/) | NGFW | Ensure that User-ID is only enabled for internal trusted interfaces | | Initial Access | [Local Accounts \[T1078.003\] (Valid Accounts \[T1078\])](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1078/003/) | NGFW | Ensure that 'Include/Exclude Networks' is used if User-ID is enabled | | Initial Access | [Local Accounts \[T1078.003\] (Valid Accounts \[T1078\])](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1078/003/) | NGFW | Ensure that the User-ID Agent has minimal permissions if User-ID is enabled | | Initial Access | [Local Accounts \[T1078.003\] (Valid Accounts \[T1078\])](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1078/003/) | NGFW | Ensure that the User-ID service account does not have interactive logon rights | | Initial Access | [Local Accounts \[T1078.003\] (Valid Accounts \[T1078\])](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1078/003/) | NGFW | Ensure remote access capabilities for the User-ID service account are forbidden. | | Initial Access | [Local Accounts \[T1078.003\] (Valid Accounts \[T1078\])](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1078/003/) | NGFW | Ensure that security policies restrict User-ID Agent traffic from crossing into untrusted zones | | Initial Access | [Local Accounts \[T1078.003\] (Valid Accounts \[T1078\])](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1078/003/) | Threat Prevention† | Ensure that antivirus profiles are set to block on all decoders except 'imap' and 'pop3' | | Initial Access | [Local Accounts \[T1078.003\] (Valid Accounts \[T1078\])](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1078/003/) | Threat Prevention† | Ensure a secure antivirus profile is applied to all relevant security policies | | Initial Access | [Local Accounts \[T1078.003\] (Valid Accounts \[T1078\])](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1078/003/) | Threat Prevention† | Ensure all zones have Zone Protection Profiles that drop specially crafted packets | | Initial Access | [Local Accounts \[T1078.003\] (Valid Accounts \[T1078\])](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1078/003/) | Cortex XSOAR | Deploy XSOAR Playbook - Access Investigation Playbook | | Initial Access | [Local Accounts \[T1078.003\] (Valid Accounts \[T1078\])](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1078/003/) | Cortex XSOAR | Deploy XSOAR Playbook - Impossible Traveler | | Initial Access | [Local Accounts \[T1078.003\] (Valid Accounts \[T1078\])](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1078/003/) | Cortex XSOAR | Deploy XSOAR Playbook - Block Account Generic | | Execution | [Malicious File \[T1204.002\] (User Execution \[T1204\])](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1204/002/) | NGFW | Ensure that User-ID is only enabled for internal trusted interfaces | | Execution | [Malicious File \[T1204.002\] (User Execution \[T1204\])](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1204/002/) | NGFW | Ensure that 'Include/Exclude Networks' is used if User-ID is enabled | | Execution | [Malicious File \[T1204.002\] (User Execution \[T1204\])](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1204/002/) | NGFW | Ensure that the User-ID Agent has minimal permissions if User-ID is enabled | | Execution | [Malicious File \[T1204.002\] (User Execution \[T1204\])](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1204/002/) | NGFW | Ensure that the User-ID service account does not have interactive logon rights | | Execution | [Malicious File \[T1204.002\] (User Execution \[T1204\])](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1204/002/) | NGFW | Ensure remote access capabilities for the User-ID service account are forbidden. | | Execution | [Malicious File \[T1204.002\] (User Execution \[T1204\])](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1204/002/) | NGFW | Ensure that security policies restrict User-ID Agent traffic from crossing into untrusted zones | | Execution | [Malicious File \[T1204.002\] (User Execution \[T1204\])](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1204/002/) | Threat Prevention† | Ensure that antivirus profiles are set to block on all decoders except 'imap' and 'pop3' | | Execution | [Malicious File \[T1204.002\] (User Execution \[T1204\])](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1204/002/) | Threat Prevention† | Ensure a secure antivirus profile is applied to all relevant security policies | | Execution | [Malicious File \[T1204.002\] (User Execution \[T1204\])](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1204/002/) | Threat Prevention† | Ensure an anti-spyware profile is configured to block on all spyware severity levels, categories, and threats | | Execution | [Malicious File \[T1204.002\] (User Execution \[T1204\])](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1204/002/) | Threat Prevention† | Ensure DNS sinkholing is configured on all anti-spyware profiles in use | | Execution | [Malicious File \[T1204.002\] (User Execution \[T1204\])](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1204/002/) | Threat Prevention† | Ensure passive DNS monitoring is set to enabled on all anti-spyware profiles in use | | Execution | [Malicious File \[T1204.002\] (User Execution \[T1204\])](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1204/002/) | Threat Prevention† | Ensure a secure anti-spyware profile is applied to all security policies permitting traffic to the Internet | | Execution | [Malicious File \[T1204.002\] (User Execution \[T1204\])](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1204/002/) | DNS Security† | Enable DNS Security in Anti-Spyware profile | | Execution | [Malicious File \[T1204.002\] (User Execution \[T1204\])](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1204/002/) | URL Filtering† | Ensure that PAN-DB URL Filtering is used | | Execution | [Malicious File \[T1204.002\] (User Execution \[T1204\])](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1204/002/) | URL Filtering† | Ensure that URL Filtering uses the action of "block" or "override" on the \ URL categories | | Execution | [Malicious File \[T1204.002\] (User Execution \[T1204\])](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1204/002/) | URL Filtering† | Ensure that access to every URL is logged | | Execution | [Malicious File \[T1204.002\] (User Execution \[T1204\])](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1204/002/) | URL Filtering† | Ensure all HTTP Header Logging options are enabled | | Execution | [Malicious File \[T1204.002\] (User Execution \[T1204\])](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1204/002/) | URL Filtering† | Ensure secure URL filtering is enabled for all security policies allowing traffic to the Internet | | Execution | [Malicious File \[T1204.002\] (User Execution \[T1204\])](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1204/002/) | WildFire† | Ensure that WildFire file size upload limits are maximized | | Execution | [Malicious File \[T1204.002\] (User Execution \[T1204\])](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1204/002/) | WildFire† | Ensure forwarding is enabled for all applications and file types in WildFire file blocking profiles | | Execution | [Malicious File \[T1204.002\] (User Execution \[T1204\])](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1204/002/) | WildFire† | Ensure a WildFire Analysis profile is enabled for all security policies | | Execution | [Malicious File \[T1204.002\] (User Execution \[T1204\])](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1204/002/) | WildFire† | Ensure forwarding of decrypted content to WildFire is enabled | | Execution | [Malicious File \[T1204.002\] (User Execution \[T1204\])](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1204/002/) | WildFire† | Ensure all WildFire session information settings are enabled | | Execution | [Malicious File \[T1204.002\] (User Execution \[T1204\])](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1204/002/) | WildFire† | Ensure alerts are enabled for malicious files detected by WildFire | | Execution | [Malicious File \[T1204.002\] (User Execution \[T1204\])](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1204/002/) | WildFire† | Ensure 'WildFire Update Schedule' is set to download and install updates every minute | | Execution | [Malicious File \[T1204.002\] (User Execution \[T1204\])](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1204/002/) | Cortex XDR | Enable Anti-Exploit Protection | | Execution | [Malicious File \[T1204.002\] (User Execution \[T1204\])](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1204/002/) | Cortex XDR | Enable Anti-Malware Protection | | Execution | [Malicious File \[T1204.002\] (User Execution \[T1204\])](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1204/002/) | Cortex XSOAR | Deploy XSOAR Playbook - Phishing Investigation - Generic V2 | | Execution | [Malicious File \[T1204.002\] (User Execution \[T1204\])](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1204/002/) | Cortex XSOAR | Deploy XSOAR Playbook Cortex XDR - Isolate Endpoint | | Execution | [Malicious File \[T1204.002\] (User Execution \[T1204\])](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1204/002/) | Cortex XSOAR | Deploy XSOAR Playbook - Block Account Generic | | Execution | [Windows Command Shell \[T1059.003\] (Command and Scripting Interpreter \[T1059\])](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1059/003/) | Cortex XDR | Enable Anti-Exploit Protection | | Execution | [Windows Command Shell \[T1059.003\] (Command and Scripting Interpreter \[T1059\])](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1059/003/) | Cortex XDR | Enable Anti-Malware Protection | | Execution | [Scheduled Task \[T1053.005\] (Scheduled Task/Job \[T1053\])](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1053/005/) | Cortex XDR | Enable Anti-Exploit Protection | | Execution | [Scheduled Task \[T1053.005\] (Scheduled Task/Job \[T1053\])](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1053/005/) | Cortex XDR | Enable Anti-Malware Protection | | Persistence | [Windows Service \[T1543.003\] (Create or Modify System Process \[T1543\])](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1543/003/) | Cortex XDR | Enable Anti-Exploit Protection | | Persistence | [Windows Service \[T1543.003\] (Create or Modify System Process \[T1543\])](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1543/003/) | Cortex XDR | Enable Anti-Malware Protection | | Privilege Escalation | [Process Hollowing \[T1055.012\] (Process Injection \[T1055\])](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1055/012/) | Cortex XDR | Configure Behavioral Threat Protection under the Malware Security Profile | | Defense Evasion | [Disable or Modify Tools \[T1562.001\] (Impair Defenses \[T1562\])](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1562/001/) | Cortex XDR | Enable Anti-Exploit Protection | | Defense Evasion | [Disable or Modify Tools \[T1562.001\] (Impair Defenses \[T1562\])](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1562/001/) | Cortex XDR | Enable Anti-Malware Protection | | Defense Evasion | [Match Legitimate Name or Location \[T1036.005\] (Masquerading \[T1036\])](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1036/005/) | Cortex XDR | Enable Anti-Exploit Protection | | Defense Evasion | [Match Legitimate Name or Location \[T1036.005\] (Masquerading \[T1036\])](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1036/005/) | Cortex XDR | Enable Anti-Malware Protection | | Defense Evasion | [Match Legitimate Name or Location \[T1036.005\] (Masquerading \[T1036\])](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1036/005/) | Cortex XDR | Configure Restrictions Security Profile | | Defense Evasion | [Modify Registry \[T1112\]](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1112) | WildFire† | Configure Behavioral Threat Protection under the Malware Security Profile | | Defense Evasion | [Modify Registry \[T1112\]](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1112) | Cortex XDR | Enable Anti-Exploit Protection | | Defense Evasion | [Modify Registry \[T1112\]](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1112) | Cortex XDR | Enable Anti-Malware Protection | | Defense Evasion | [Software Packing \[T1027.002\] (Obfuscated Files or Information \[T1027\])](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1027/002/) | WildFire† | Ensure that WildFire file size upload limits are maximized | | Defense Evasion | [Software Packing \[T1027.002\] (Obfuscated Files or Information \[T1027\])](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1027/002/) | WildFire† | Ensure forwarding is enabled for all applications and file types in WildFire file blocking profiles | | Defense Evasion | [Software Packing \[T1027.002\] (Obfuscated Files or Information \[T1027\])](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1027/002/) | WildFire† | Ensure a WildFire Analysis profile is enabled for all security policies | | Defense Evasion | [Software Packing \[T1027.002\] (Obfuscated Files or Information \[T1027\])](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1027/002/) | WildFire† | Ensure forwarding of decrypted content to WildFire is enabled | | Defense Evasion | [Software Packing \[T1027.002\] (Obfuscated Files or Information \[T1027\])](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1027/002/) | WildFire† | Ensure all WildFire session information settings are enabled | | Defense Evasion | [Software Packing \[T1027.002\] (Obfuscated Files or Information \[T1027\])](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1027/002/) | WildFire† | Ensure alerts are enabled for malicious files detected by WildFire | | Defense Evasion | [Software Packing \[T1027.002\] (Obfuscated Files or Information \[T1027\])](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1027/002/) | WildFire† | Ensure 'WildFire Update Schedule' is set to download and install updates every minute | | Defense Evasion | [Software Packing \[T1027.002\] (Obfuscated Files or Information \[T1027\])](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1027/002/) | Cortex XDR | Enable Anti-Exploit Protection | | Defense Evasion | [Software Packing \[T1027.002\] (Obfuscated Files or Information \[T1027\])](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1027/002/) | Cortex XDR | Enable Anti-Malware Protection | | Credential Access | [Credentials in Files \[T1552.001\] (Unsecured Credentials \[T1552\])](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1552/001/) | Cortex XDR | Enable Anti-Exploit Protection | | Credential Access | [Credentials in Files \[T1552.001\] (Unsecured Credentials \[T1552\])](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1552/001/) | Cortex XDR | Enable Anti-Malware Protection | | Credential Access | [Credentials in Files \[T1552.001\] (Unsecured Credentials \[T1552\])](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1552/001/) | Cortex XDR | Configure Restrictions Security Profile | | Collection | [Data from Local System \[T1005\]](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1005) | Cortex XDR | Enable Anti-Exploit Protection | | Collection | [Data from Local System \[T1005\]](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1005) | Cortex XDR | Enable Anti-Malware Protection | | Command and Control | [DNS \[T1071.004\] (Application Layer Protocol \[T1071\])](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1071/004/) | NGFW | Ensure application security policies exist when allowing traffic from an untrusted zone to a more trusted zone | | Command and Control | [DNS \[T1071.004\] (Application Layer Protocol \[T1071\])](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1071/004/) | NGFW | Ensure 'Service setting of ANY' in a security policy allowing traffic does not exist | | Command and Control | [DNS \[T1071.004\] (Application Layer Protocol \[T1071\])](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1071/004/) | NGFW | Ensure 'Security Policy' denying any/all traffic to/from IP addresses on Trusted Threat Intelligence Sources Exists | | Command and Control | [DNS \[T1071.004\] (Application Layer Protocol \[T1071\])](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1071/004/) | Threat Prevention† | Ensure that antivirus profiles are set to block on all decoders except 'imap' and 'pop3' | | Command and Control | [DNS \[T1071.004\] (Application Layer Protocol \[T1071\])](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1071/004/) | Threat Prevention† | Ensure a secure antivirus profile is applied to all relevant security policies | | Command and Control | [DNS \[T1071.004\] (Application Layer Protocol \[T1071\])](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1071/004/) | Threat Prevention† | Ensure an anti-spyware profile is configured to block on all spyware severity levels, categories, and threats | | Command and Control | [DNS \[T1071.004\] (Application Layer Protocol \[T1071\])](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1071/004/) | Threat Prevention† | Ensure DNS sinkholing is configured on all anti-spyware profiles in use | | Command and Control | [DNS \[T1071.004\] (Application Layer Protocol \[T1071\])](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1071/004/) | Threat Prevention† | Ensure passive DNS monitoring is set to enabled on all anti-spyware profiles in use | | Command and Control | [DNS \[T1071.004\] (Application Layer Protocol \[T1071\])](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1071/004/) | Threat Prevention† | Ensure a secure anti-spyware profile is applied to all security policies permitting traffic to the Internet | | Command and Control | [DNS \[T1071.004\] (Application Layer Protocol \[T1071\])](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1071/004/) | DNS Security† | Enable DNS Security in Anti-Spyware profile | | Command and Control | [DNS \[T1071.004\] (Application Layer Protocol \[T1071\])](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1071/004/) | URL Filtering† | Ensure that PAN-DB URL Filtering is used | | Command and Control | [DNS \[T1071.004\] (Application Layer Protocol \[T1071\])](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1071/004/) | URL Filtering† | Ensure that URL Filtering uses the action of "block" or "override" on the \ URL categories | | Command and Control | [DNS \[T1071.004\] (Application Layer Protocol \[T1071\])](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1071/004/) | URL Filtering† | Ensure that access to every URL is logged | | Command and Control | [DNS \[T1071.004\] (Application Layer Protocol \[T1071\])](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1071/004/) | URL Filtering† | Ensure all HTTP Header Logging options are enabled | | Command and Control | [DNS \[T1071.004\] (Application Layer Protocol \[T1071\])](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1071/004/) | URL Filtering† | Ensure secure URL filtering is enabled for all security policies allowing traffic to the Internet | | Command and Control | [DNS \[T1071.004\] (Application Layer Protocol \[T1071\])](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1071/004/) | Cortex XSOAR | Deploy XSOAR Playbook - Block IP | | Command and Control | [DNS \[T1071.004\] (Application Layer Protocol \[T1071\])](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1071/004/) | Cortex XSOAR | Deploy XSOAR Playbook - Block URL | | Command and Control | [DNS \[T1071.004\] (Application Layer Protocol \[T1071\])](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1071/004/) | Cortex XSOAR | Deploy XSOAR Playbook - Hunting C\&C Communication Playbook (Deprecated) | | Exfiltration | [Exfiltration Over C2 Channel \[T1041\]](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1041) | NGFW | Ensure application security policies exist when allowing traffic from an untrusted zone to a more trusted zone | | Exfiltration | [Exfiltration Over C2 Channel \[T1041\]](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1041) | NGFW | Ensure 'Service setting of ANY' in a security policy allowing traffic does not exist | | Exfiltration | [Exfiltration Over C2 Channel \[T1041\]](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1041) | NGFW | Ensure 'Security Policy' denying any/all traffic to/from IP addresses on Trusted Threat Intelligence Sources Exists | | Exfiltration | [Exfiltration Over C2 Channel \[T1041\]](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1041) | Threat Prevention† | Ensure that antivirus profiles are set to block on all decoders except 'imap' and 'pop3' | | Exfiltration | [Exfiltration Over C2 Channel \[T1041\]](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1041) | Threat Prevention† | Ensure a secure antivirus profile is applied to all relevant security policies | | Exfiltration | [Exfiltration Over C2 Channel \[T1041\]](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1041) | Threat Prevention† | Ensure an anti-spyware profile is configured to block on all spyware severity levels, categories, and threats | | Exfiltration | [Exfiltration Over C2 Channel \[T1041\]](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1041) | Threat Prevention† | Ensure DNS sinkholing is configured on all anti-spyware profiles in use | | Exfiltration | [Exfiltration Over C2 Channel \[T1041\]](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1041) | Threat Prevention† | Ensure passive DNS monitoring is set to enabled on all anti-spyware profiles in use | | Exfiltration | [Exfiltration Over C2 Channel \[T1041\]](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1041) | Threat Prevention† | Ensure a secure anti-spyware profile is applied to all security policies permitting traffic to the Internet | | Exfiltration | [Exfiltration Over C2 Channel \[T1041\]](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1041) | DNS Security† | Enable DNS Security in Anti-Spyware profile | | Exfiltration | [Exfiltration Over C2 Channel \[T1041\]](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1041) | URL Filtering† | Ensure that PAN-DB URL Filtering is used | | Exfiltration | [Exfiltration Over C2 Channel \[T1041\]](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1041) | URL Filtering† | Ensure that URL Filtering uses the action of "block" or "override" on the \ URL categories | | Exfiltration | [Exfiltration Over C2 Channel \[T1041\]](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1041) | URL Filtering† | Ensure that access to every URL is logged | | Exfiltration | [Exfiltration Over C2 Channel \[T1041\]](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1041) | URL Filtering† | Ensure all HTTP Header Logging options are enabled | | Exfiltration | [Exfiltration Over C2 Channel \[T1041\]](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1041) | URL Filtering† | Ensure secure URL filtering is enabled for all security policies allowing traffic to the Internet | | Exfiltration | [Exfiltration Over C2 Channel \[T1041\]](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1041) | Cortex XSOAR | Deploy XSOAR Playbook - Block IP | | Exfiltration | [Exfiltration Over C2 Channel \[T1041\]](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1041) | Cortex XSOAR | Deploy XSOAR Playbook - Block URL | | Exfiltration | [Exfiltration Over C2 Channel \[T1041\]](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1041) | Cortex XSOAR | Deploy XSOAR Playbook - Hunting C\&C Communication Playbook (Deprecated) | | Exfiltration | [Exfiltration Over C2 Channel \[T1041\]](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1041) | Cortex XSOAR | Deploy XSOAR Playbook - PAN-OS Query Logs for Indicators | | Impact | [Data Encrypted for Impact \[T1486\]](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1486) | Cortex XSOAR | Deploy XSOAR Playbook - Ransomware Manual for incident response. | | Impact | [Inhibit System Recovery \[T1490\]](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1490) | Cortex XSOAR | Deploy XSOAR Playbook - Palo Alto Networks Endpoint Malware Investigation | | Impact | [Service Stop \[T1489\]](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1489) | Cortex XDR | Enable Anti-Exploit Protection | | Impact | [Service Stop \[T1489\]](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1489) | Cortex XDR | Enable Anti-Malware Protection | *Table 2. Courses of Action for Ryuk and Trickbot.* *†These capabilities are part of the NGFW security subscriptions service.* ## **Conclusion** Ryuk ransomware infections often result from multi-stage threat activities originating from malware such as Trickbot and BazaLoader. Once the backdoor malware is established, attackers use tools such as PowerShell and CobaltStrike to attain remote connection and drop Ryuk onto the compromised system, sometimes weeks to months after initial infection. The U.S. Government has deemed this threat activity as an imminent threat to Healthcare and the Public Health Sector industry. Indicators associated with this Threat Assessment and the joint cybersecurity [alert](https://us-cert.cisa.gov/sites/default/files/publications/AA20-302A_Ransomware%20_Activity_Targeting_the_Healthcare_and_Public_Health_Sector.pdf) are available on [GitHub](https://github.com/pan-unit42/iocs/blob/master/Ryuk/Ryuk_trickbot_campaign.txt), have been published to the Unit 42 TAXII feed and are viewable via the ATOM Viewer: [https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/atoms/ryuk-ransomware/](https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/atoms/ryuk-ransomware/) [https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/atoms/trickbot](https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/atoms/trickbot)/ Palo Alto Networks [security subscriptions](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/network-security/security-subscriptions) for the Next-Generation Firewall with [WildFire](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/products/secure-the-network/wildfire) detect activity associated with Trickbot and Ryuk. The [DNS Security](https://www.paloaltonetworks.co.uk/products/threat-detection-and-prevention/dns-security) subscription is able to detect the Anchor\_DNS DNS tunneling described in this blog. [Cortex XDR](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/cortex/cortex-xdr) also contains an Anti-Ransomware Protection module as well as an Anti-Malware Protection module, which targets encryption-based activities associated with ransomware and other malicious file behaviors. Additionally, [AutoFocus](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/cortex/autofocus) customers can review activity related to this threat activity with the following tags: [Ryuk](https://autofocus.paloaltonetworks.com/#/tag/Unit42.Ryuk), [Trickbot](https://autofocus.paloaltonetworks.com/#/tag/Unit42.TrickBot) and [BazaLoader](https://autofocus.paloaltonetworks.com/#/tag/Unit42.BazarLoader). Palo Alto Networks has shared our findings, including file samples and indicators of compromise, in this report with our fellow Cyber Threat Alliance members. CTA members use this intelligence to rapidly deploy protections to their customers and to systematically disrupt malicious cyber actors. For more information on the Cyber Threat Alliance, visit [www.cyberthreatalliance.org](https://www.cyberthreatalliance.org/). ## **Additional Resources** [Mitre ATT\&CK Framework](https://attack.mitre.org/) [Alert (AA20-302A) - Ransomware Activity Targeting the Healthcare and Public Health Sector](https://us-cert.cisa.gov/ncas/alerts/aa20-302a) [Unit 42 Trickbot reporting](https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/tag/trickbot/) Back to top ### Tags * [BazaLoader](https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/tag/bazaloader/ "BazaLoader") * [Hissing Scorpius](https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/tag/hissing-scorpius/ "Hissing Scorpius") * [Joint cybersecurity alert](https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/tag/joint-cybersecurity-alert/ "joint cybersecurity alert") * [Ryuk](https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/tag/ryuk/ "Ryuk") * [Trickbot](https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/tag/trickbot/ "Trickbot") [Threat Research Center](https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com "Threat Research") [Next: Domain Parking: A Gateway to Attackers Spreading Emotet and Impersonating McAfee](https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/domain-parking/ "Domain Parking: A Gateway to Attackers Spreading Emotet and Impersonating McAfee") ### Table of Contents * ### Related Articles * [Banking Trojan Techniques: How Financially Motivated Malware Became Infrastructure](https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/banking-trojan-techniques/ "article - table of contents") * [Case Study: From BazarLoader to Network Reconnaissance](https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/bazarloader-network-reconnaissance/ "article - table of contents") * [BazarCall Method: Call Centers Help Spread BazarLoader Malware](https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/bazarloader-malware/ "article - table of contents") ## Related Resources ![Pictorial representation of post-exploitation identity misuse in SPIFFE/SPIRE. Close-up of a person wearing glasses, with computer code reflected in the lenses.](https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/09/12_Security-Technology_Category_1920x900-786x368.jpg) [![category icon](https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/06/icon-threat-research.svg)Threat Research](https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/category/threat-research/) September 10, 2026 [#### The Machine With Many Faces: Post-Exploitation Identity Misuse in SPIFFE/SPIRE](https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/kubernetes-spiffe-spire-identity-spoofing/) * [API](https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/tag/api/ "API") * [Cryptographic](https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/tag/cryptographic/ "cryptographic") * [JSON](https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/tag/json/ "JSON") [Read now ![Right arrow](https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/wp-content/themes/unit42-v6/dist/images/icons/icon-right-arrow-withtail.svg)](https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/kubernetes-spiffe-spire-identity-spoofing/ "The Machine With Many Faces: Post-Exploitation Identity Misuse in SPIFFE/SPIRE") ![Pictorial representation of a pay-per-install threat group campaign prodiving infection service for spreading malware. A close-up of a computer circuit board with a central microchip is depicted. Red digital data streams in the form of glowing binary numbers and arrows appear to flow in and out of the chip, symbolizing data processing and transfer. The scene is illuminated with a futuristic blue and red glow.](https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/09/04_Malware_Category_1920x900-6-786x368.jpg) [![category icon](https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/06/icon-threat-research.svg)Threat Research](https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/category/threat-research/) September 9, 2026 [#### Untracked Nightmares: The Threats Hiding Behind Commodity Infrastructure](https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/ppi-network-malware-campaign-analysis/) * [ARKTunnel](https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/tag/arktunnel/ "ARKTunnel") * [C2](https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/tag/c2/ "C2") * [CL-CRI-1171](https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/tag/cl-cri-1171/ "CL-CRI-1171") [Read now ![Right arrow](https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/wp-content/themes/unit42-v6/dist/images/icons/icon-right-arrow-withtail.svg)](https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/ppi-network-malware-campaign-analysis/ "Untracked Nightmares: The Threats Hiding Behind Commodity Infrastructure") ![Pictorial representation of attackers using AI tools to target Latin American organizations. A vibrant cityscape with silhouettes of numerous people walking along a bustling street. The scene is illuminated by bright urban lights and digital-like particles, creating a dynamic and futuristic atmosphere.](https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/09/AdobeStock_768915868-2-1-786x373.jpg) [![category icon](https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/06/icon-threat-research.svg)Threat Research](https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/category/threat-research/) September 3, 2026 [#### Attackers Expose Ongoing AI Tool Use Targeting Organizations in Latin America](https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/ai-tool-use-targeting-latam-orgs/) * [Agentic AI](https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/tag/agentic-ai/ "Agentic AI") * [ChatGPT](https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/tag/chatgpt/ "ChatGPT") * [CL-CRI-1131](https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/tag/cl-cri-1131/ "CL-CRI-1131") [Read now ![Right arrow](https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/wp-content/themes/unit42-v6/dist/images/icons/icon-right-arrow-withtail.svg)](https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/ai-tool-use-targeting-latam-orgs/ "Attackers Expose Ongoing AI Tool Use Targeting Organizations in Latin America") ![Pictorial representation of vishing campaigns in Microsoft Teams. A digital image of a skull formed by blue binary code on a black background, with scattered ones and zeros and digital noise, symbolizes how stealthy prompt injection attacks can exploit AI logic to bypass security controls.](https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/08/01_Malware_Category_1920x900-5-786x368.jpg) [![category icon](https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/06/icon-threat-research.svg)Threat Research](https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/category/threat-research/) August 31, 2026 [#### Spring Ring: An Inside Look at Voice Phishing Campaigns in Microsoft Teams](https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/spring-ring-voice-phishing-campaigns/) * [Cloaked Ursa](https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/tag/cloaked-ursa/ "Cloaked Ursa") * [Entra ID](https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/tag/entra-id/ "Entra ID") * [Microsoft Teams](https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/tag/microsoft-teams/ "Microsoft Teams") [Read now ![Right arrow](https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/wp-content/themes/unit42-v6/dist/images/icons/icon-right-arrow-withtail.svg)](https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/spring-ring-voice-phishing-campaigns/ "Spring Ring: An Inside Look at Voice Phishing Campaigns in Microsoft Teams") ![Pictorial representation of AI-enabled malware. A vibrant digital interface displaying various icons and graphs, resembling a futuristic network or data analysis dashboard. The scene is illuminated with glowing lights and patterns.](https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/08/AdobeStock_1270203474-2-1-786x368.png) [![category icon](https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/06/icon-threat-research.svg)Threat Research](https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/category/threat-research/) August 25, 2026 [#### The State of AI-Enabled Malware August 2026: From Brand Abuse to Agentic Execution](https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/ai-enabled-malware-analysis/) * [Backdoor](https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/tag/backdoor/ "backdoor") * [Bitcoin](https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/tag/bitcoin/ "Bitcoin") * [DLL hijacking](https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/tag/dll-hijacking/ "DLL hijacking") [Read now ![Right arrow](https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/wp-content/themes/unit42-v6/dist/images/icons/icon-right-arrow-withtail.svg)](https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/ai-enabled-malware-analysis/ "The State of AI-Enabled Malware August 2026: From Brand Abuse to Agentic Execution") ![Pictorial representation of identity abuse through trusted communication channels. Close-up view of a digital screen displaying a glitched and pixelated image of a skull-like shape.](https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/08/02_Malware_Category_1920x900-2-786x368.jpg) [![category icon](https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/06/icon-threat-research.svg)Threat Research](https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/category/threat-research/) August 20, 2026 [#### Identity Abuse Through Trusted Communication Channels](https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/communication-channel-identity-risks/) * [Authentication](https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/tag/authentication/ "authentication") * [Identity theft](https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/tag/identity-theft/ "identity theft") * [Malware](https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/tag/malware/ "malware") [Read now ![Right arrow](https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/wp-content/themes/unit42-v6/dist/images/icons/icon-right-arrow-withtail.svg)](https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/communication-channel-identity-risks/ "Identity Abuse Through Trusted Communication Channels") ![Pictorial representation of Kimwolf botnet malware family. Digital screen with a warning sign reading "Malware." The background features lines of computer code and graphics, creating a sense of cybersecurity threat.](https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/08/07_Malware_Category_1920x900-3-786x368.jpg) [![category icon](https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/06/icon-threat-research.svg)Threat Research](https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/category/threat-research/) August 11, 2026 [#### Kimwolf v7: An Evolution of the Kimwolf Botnet](https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/kimwolf-v7-botnet-malware/) * [Android APK](https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/tag/android-apk/ "Android APK") * [Ethereum](https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/tag/ethereum/ "Ethereum") * [HTTP](https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/tag/http/ "HTTP") [Read now ![Right arrow](https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/wp-content/themes/unit42-v6/dist/images/icons/icon-right-arrow-withtail.svg)](https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/kimwolf-v7-botnet-malware/ "Kimwolf v7: An Evolution of the Kimwolf Botnet") ![Pictorial representatiom pf Aeternum's blockchain C2. A close-up of a computer circuit board with a central microchip is depicted. Red digital data streams in the form of glowing binary numbers and arrows appear to flow in and out of the chip. The scene is illuminated with a futuristic blue and red glow.](https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/08/04_Malware_Category_1920x900-4-786x368.jpg) [![category icon](https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/06/icon-threat-research.svg)Threat Research](https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/category/threat-research/) August 10, 2026 [#### The Permanent Threat: Analyzing Aeternum's Blockchain-Based C2 Operations and Communications](https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/aeternum-blockchain-c2-analysis/) * [Aeternum](https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/tag/aeternum/ "Aeternum") * [Infection chain](https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/tag/infection-chain/ "infection chain") * [JSON](https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/tag/json/ "JSON") [Read now ![Right arrow](https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/wp-content/themes/unit42-v6/dist/images/icons/icon-right-arrow-withtail.svg)](https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/aeternum-blockchain-c2-analysis/ "The Permanent Threat: Analyzing Aeternum’s Blockchain-Based C2 Operations and Communications") ![Pictorial representation of ChainDrop, a self-propagating npm worm. An artistic depiction of a digital workspace featuring an open laptop with a red virus on the screen.](https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/08/03_Malware_Category_1920x900-7-786x368.jpg) [![category icon](https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/top-threats.svg)High Profile Threats](https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/category/top-cyberthreats/) August 6, 2026 [#### ChainDrop: Inside a Self-Propagating npm Worm](https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/chaindrop-npm-worm-analysis/) * [Blockchain](https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/tag/blockchain/ "blockchain") * [ChainDrop](https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/tag/chaindrop/ "ChainDrop") * [Claude code](https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/tag/claude-code/ "Claude code") [Read now ![Right arrow](https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/wp-content/themes/unit42-v6/dist/images/icons/icon-right-arrow-withtail.svg)](https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/chaindrop-npm-worm-analysis/ "ChainDrop: Inside a Self-Propagating npm Worm") ![Pictorial representation of Token-jacking. A person types on a laptop with multiple digital interface elements projected, including an "AI" icon](https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/08/AdobeStock_1246251272-2-786x369.jpg) [![category icon](https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/06/icon-threat-research.svg)Threat Research](https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/category/threat-research/) August 6, 2026 [#### Token Jacking: Cybercriminals Could Be Stealing Your AI Resources](https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/ai-token-jacking/) * [AI API](https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/tag/ai-api/ "AI API") * [AI gateway](https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/tag/ai-gateway/ "AI gateway") * [API keys](https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/tag/api-keys/ "API keys") [Read now ![Right arrow](https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/wp-content/themes/unit42-v6/dist/images/icons/icon-right-arrow-withtail.svg)](https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/ai-token-jacking/ "Token Jacking: Cybercriminals Could Be Stealing Your AI Resources") * ![Slider arrow](https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/wp-content/themes/unit42-v6/dist/images/icons/slider-arrow-left.svg) * ![Slider arrow](https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/wp-content/themes/unit42-v6/dist/images/icons/slider-arrow-left.svg) ![Close button](https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/wp-content/themes/unit42-v6/dist/images/icons/close-modal.svg) ![Enlarged Image]() ![Newsletter](https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/03/unit42-footer-subscribe-desktop.png) ![UNIT 42 Small Logo](https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/wp-content/themes/unit42-v6/dist/images/palo-alto-logo-small.svg) Get updates from Unit 42 ## Peace of mind comes from staying ahead of threats. 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