[![Logo](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/07/PANW_Parent.png)](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/) [![Unit42 Logo](https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/wp-content/themes/unit42-v6/dist/images/unit42-logo-white.svg)](https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/) Menu * [Tools](https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/tools/) * [ATOMs](https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/atoms/) * [Security Consulting](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/unit42) * [About Us](https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/about-unit-42/) * [**Under Attack?**](https://start.paloaltonetworks.com/contact-unit42.html) English * [English](https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/unit42-silverterrier-update-increasingly-sophisticated-nigerian-cybercriminals-take-bigger-part-3b-bec-related-losses/) * [Japanese](https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/ja/unit42-silverterrier-update-increasingly-sophisticated-nigerian-cybercriminals-take-bigger-part-3b-bec-related-losses/) * [Threat Research Center](https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com "Threat Research") * [Threat Research](https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/category/threat-research/ "Threat Research") * [Business Email Compromise](https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/category/business-email-compromise/ "Business Email Compromise") [Business Email Compromise](https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/category/business-email-compromise/) # SilverTerrier Update: Increasingly Sophisticated Nigerian Cybercriminals Take Bigger Part of $3B BEC-Related Losses ![Clock Icon](https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/wp-content/themes/unit42-v6/dist/images/icons/icon-clock.svg) 2 min read * ![Profile Icon](https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/wp-content/themes/unit42-v6/dist/images/icons/icon-profile-grey.svg) By: * [Unit 42](https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/author/unit42/) * ![Published Icon](https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/wp-content/themes/unit42-v6/dist/images/icons/icon-calendar-grey.svg) Published:May 8, 2018 * ![Tags Icon](https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/wp-content/themes/unit42-v6/dist/images/icons/icon-category.svg) Categories: * [Business Email Compromise](https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/category/business-email-compromise/) * [Threat Actor Groups](https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/category/threat-actor-groups/) * [Threat Research](https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/category/threat-research/) * ![Tags Icon](https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/wp-content/themes/unit42-v6/dist/images/icons/icon-tags-grey.svg) Tags: * [419](https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/tag/419/) * [Nigeria](https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/tag/nigeria/) * [SilverTerrier](https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/tag/silverterrier/) * [Syndicate Orion](https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/tag/syndicate-orion/) * [![Download 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[![Reddit Icon](https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/wp-content/themes/unit42-v6/dist/images/icons/icon-reddit-share.svg)](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com//www.reddit.com/submit?url=https%3A%2F%2Funit42.paloaltonetworks.com%2Funit42-silverterrier-update-increasingly-sophisticated-nigerian-cybercriminals-take-bigger-part-3b-bec-related-losses%2F&ts=markdown "Share in Reddit") * [![Mastodon Icon](https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/wp-content/themes/unit42-v6/dist/images/icons/icon-mastodon-share.svg)](https://mastodon.social/share?text=SilverTerrier%20Update:%20Increasingly%20Sophisticated%20Nigerian%20Cybercriminals%20Take%20Bigger%20Part%20of%20$3B%20BEC-Related%20Losses%20https%3A%2F%2Funit42.paloaltonetworks.com%2Funit42-silverterrier-update-increasingly-sophisticated-nigerian-cybercriminals-take-bigger-part-3b-bec-related-losses%2F "Share in Mastodon") Today Unit 42 published our latest paper detailing the continued growth of Nigerian cybercrime. We have applied advanced analytics to a dataset that exceeds 30,000 malware samples over a period of three years, which has enabled us to attribute more than 300 actors or groups associated with nearly half a million attacks against Palo Alto Networks customers. We have observed Nigerian actors using 15 separate commodity malware tools in support of modern business email compromise (BEC) schemes. In the past year alone, they have conducted an average of 17,600 attacks per month, demonstrating a 45 percent increase from 2016. These attacks span all major industry verticals and target businesses rather than individuals. These actors have learned how to successfully employ commodity malware tools to realize lucrative returns: according to the [FBI](https://www.fbi.gov/news/stories/business-e-mail-compromise-on-the-rise), law enforcement now estimates that the exposed losses worldwide are more than US$3 billion. We began tracking these actors, which we named SilverTerrier, in 2014. This new SilverTerrier paper, our third, details the history of Nigerian cybercrime, the tactics being employed, and unique insights into how the threat has matured in size, scope, complexity and technical competence over the past year. Additionally, it provides a detailed look at the following: Tools \& Trends Simple commodity information stealers remain popular with Nigerian actors, however in the last year there has been notable growth in the adoption of more complex remote administration tools, or RATs. In this paper we present the trend lines associated with all 15 commodity malware tools in order to contrast the tools that are falling out of favor with those that are gaining popularity and forecasted to remain a threat throughout the next year. Scalable Attribution Traditionally, attribution efforts are scoped consistent with the analytic resources that can be brought to bear against a specific data set. Given the size and complexity of this data set, we present techniques which can be applied to enable large-scale, low-resource attribution efforts. In practice these techniques have proven to be successful in identifying SilverTerrier infrastructure and proactively informing network defense postures. Download your copy of "[SilverTerrier: The Rise of Nigerian Business Email Compromise](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/resources/whitepapers/unit42-silverterrier-rise-of-nigerian-business-email-compromise.html)" to learn more about this evolving threat. Back to top ### Tags * [419](https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/tag/419/ "419") * [Nigeria](https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/tag/nigeria/ "Nigeria") * [SilverTerrier](https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/tag/silverterrier/ "SilverTerrier") * [Syndicate Orion](https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/tag/syndicate-orion/ "Syndicate Orion") [Threat Research Center](https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com "Threat Research") [Next: Exploit in the Wild: #drupalgeddon2 - Analysis of CVE-2018-7600](https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/unit42-exploit-wild-drupalgeddon2-analysis-cve-2018-7600/ "Exploit in the Wild: #drupalgeddon2 - Analysis of CVE-2018-7600") ### Related Articles * [Operation Delilah: Unit 42 Helps INTERPOL Identify Nigerian Business Email Compromise Actor](https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/operation-delilah-business-email-compromise-actor/ "article - table of contents") * [Operation Falcon II: Unit 42 Helps INTERPOL Identify Nigerian Business Email Compromise Ring Members](https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/operation-falcon-ii-silverterrier-nigerian-bec/ "article - table of contents") * [SilverTerrier -- Nigerian Business Email Compromise](https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/silverterrier-nigerian-business-email-compromise/ "article - table of contents") ## Related Business Email Compromise Resources ![Pictorial representation of a group of individuals discussing an idea with a whiteboard.](https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/02/02_Listicle_Overview_1920x900-786x368.jpg) [![category icon](https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/08/Insights-icon-white.svg)Insights](https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/category/insights/) February 3, 2026 [#### Why Smart People Fall For Phishing Attacks](https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/psychology-of-phishing/) * [AI](https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/tag/ai/ "AI") * [Phishing](https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/tag/phishing/ "phishing") [Read now ![Right arrow](https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/wp-content/themes/unit42-v6/dist/images/icons/icon-right-arrow-withtail.svg)](https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/psychology-of-phishing/ "Why Smart People Fall For Phishing Attacks") ![Pictorial representation of a IUAM ClickFix generator. An artistic depiction of a digital workspace featuring an open laptop with a red virus on the screen, indicating malware.](https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/10/03_Malware_Category_1920x900-786x368.jpg) [![category icon](https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/06/icon-threat-research.svg)Threat Research](https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/category/threat-research/) October 8, 2025 [#### The ClickFix Factory: First Exposure of IUAM ClickFix Generator](https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/clickfix-generator-first-of-its-kind/) * [Bash](https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/tag/bash/ "bash") * [ClickFix](https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/tag/clickfix/ "ClickFix") * [Phishing Kit](https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/tag/phishing-kit/ "Phishing Kit") [Read now ![Right arrow](https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/wp-content/themes/unit42-v6/dist/images/icons/icon-right-arrow-withtail.svg)](https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/clickfix-generator-first-of-its-kind/ "The ClickFix Factory: First Exposure of IUAM ClickFix Generator") ![Pictorial representation of phishing bait using AI. A luminous cube labeled "AI" centrally placed on a futuristic circuit board landscape with glowing blue lights and connections.](https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/08/03_Security-Technology_Category_1920x900-786x368.jpg) [![category icon](https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/06/icon-threat-research.svg)Threat Research](https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/category/threat-research/) August 19, 2025 [#### Fashionable Phishing Bait: GenAI on the Hook](https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/genai-phishing-bait/) * [GenAI](https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/tag/genai/ "GenAI") * [Phishing](https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/tag/phishing/ "phishing") [Read now ![Right arrow](https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/wp-content/themes/unit42-v6/dist/images/icons/icon-right-arrow-withtail.svg)](https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/genai-phishing-bait/ "Fashionable Phishing Bait: GenAI on the Hook") ![Pictorial representation of social engineering. Digital illustration of four human profiles connected by glowing neural network lines against a dark background, symbolizing connectivity and technology.](https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/07/cover-1920x900-no-blades-786x368.jpg) [![category icon](https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/06/icon-report-white-1.svg)Trend Reports](https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/category/trend-reports/) July 30, 2025 [#### 2025 Unit 42 Global Incident Response Report: Social Engineering Edition](https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/2025-unit-42-global-incident-response-report-social-engineering-edition/) * [Agent Serpens](https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/tag/agent-serpens/ "Agent Serpens") * [Agentic AI](https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/tag/agentic-ai/ "Agentic AI") * [ClickFix](https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/tag/clickfix/ "ClickFix") [Read now ![Right arrow](https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/wp-content/themes/unit42-v6/dist/images/icons/icon-right-arrow-withtail.svg)](https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/2025-unit-42-global-incident-response-report-social-engineering-edition/ "2025 Unit 42 Global Incident Response Report: Social Engineering Edition") ![Pictorial representation of homograph attacks. 3D illustration of an open laptop displaying an envelope icon on the screen, accompanied by a smartphone and tablet, all set against a dark background with neon lighting.](https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/07/01_Business_email_compromise_Category_1920x900-786x368.jpg) [![category icon](https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/06/icon-threat-research.svg)Threat Research](https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/category/threat-research/) July 25, 2025 [#### The Ηоmоgraph Illusion: Not Everything Is As It Seems](https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/homograph-attacks/) * [GenAI](https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/tag/genai/ "GenAI") * [Phishing](https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/tag/phishing/ "phishing") [Read now ![Right arrow](https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/wp-content/themes/unit42-v6/dist/images/icons/icon-right-arrow-withtail.svg)](https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/homograph-attacks/ "The Ηоmоgraph Illusion: Not Everything Is As It Seems") ![Pictorial representation of the ransomware landscape. Digital artwork of a disintegrating U.S. dollar bill with pixelated effects on a cyber-inspired background.](https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/05_Ransomware_Category_1920x900-786x368.jpg) [![category icon](https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/06/icon-report-white-1.svg)Trend Reports](https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/category/trend-reports/) April 23, 2025 [#### Extortion and Ransomware Trends January-March 2025](https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/2025-ransomware-extortion-trends/) * [BianLian](https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/tag/bianlian/ "BianLian") * [Akira ransomware](https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/tag/akira-ransomware/ "Akira ransomware") * [Muddled Libra](https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/tag/muddled-libra/ "Muddled Libra") [Read now ![Right arrow](https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/wp-content/themes/unit42-v6/dist/images/icons/icon-right-arrow-withtail.svg)](https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/2025-ransomware-extortion-trends/ "Extortion and Ransomware Trends January-March 2025") ![Pictorial representation of a QR code phishing campaign. Digital artwork of a futuristic, glowing shield disintegrating into small particles, set against a dark blue, speckled background.](https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/09_Business_email_compromise_Category_1920x900-786x368.jpg) [![category icon](https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/06/icon-threat-research.svg)Threat Research](https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/category/threat-research/) April 1, 2025 [#### Evolution of Sophisticated Phishing Tactics: The QR Code Phenomenon](https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/qr-code-phishing/) * [Phishing](https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/tag/phishing/ "phishing") * [Social engineering](https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/tag/social-engineering/ "social engineering") [Read now ![Right arrow](https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/wp-content/themes/unit42-v6/dist/images/icons/icon-right-arrow-withtail.svg)](https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/qr-code-phishing/ "Evolution of Sophisticated Phishing Tactics: The QR Code Phenomenon") ![An Asian woman examining data on multiple computer screens in a high-tech digital environment, surrounded by visual representations of data and code. Lens flare is prominent across the image.](https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/07_Cloud_cybersecurity_research_Overview_1920x900-786x368.jpg) [![category icon](https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/06/icon-threat-research.svg)Threat Research](https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/category/threat-research/) February 28, 2025 [#### JavaGhost's Persistent Phishing Attacks From the Cloud](https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/javaghost-cloud-phishing/) * [AWS](https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/tag/aws/ "AWS") [Read now ![Right arrow](https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/wp-content/themes/unit42-v6/dist/images/icons/icon-right-arrow-withtail.svg)](https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/javaghost-cloud-phishing/ "JavaGhost’s Persistent Phishing Attacks From the Cloud") ![Pictorial representation of a European phishing campaign. A digital artwork depicting a glowing, futuristic shield disintegrating into small fragments against a shimmering blue background.](https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/09_Business_email_compromise_Category_1920x900-786x368.jpg) [![category icon](https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/06/icon-threat-research.svg)Threat Research](https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/category/threat-research/) December 18, 2024 [#### Effective Phishing Campaign Targeting European Companies and Organizations](https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/european-phishing-campaign/) * [EMEA](https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/tag/emea/ "EMEA") * [Manufacturing](https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/tag/manufacturing/ "Manufacturing") [Read now ![Right arrow](https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/wp-content/themes/unit42-v6/dist/images/icons/icon-right-arrow-withtail.svg)](https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/european-phishing-campaign/ "Effective Phishing Campaign Targeting European Companies and Organizations") ![A pictorial representation of a campaign like BeaverTail. Digital globe with interconnected network lines and data streams on a futuristic interface, symbolizing global connectivity and information technology advancements.](https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/01_Nation-State-cyberattacks_1920x900-786x368.jpg) [![category icon](https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/threat-actor-groups.svg)Threat Actor Groups](https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/category/threat-actor-groups/) November 14, 2024 [#### Fake North Korean IT Worker Linked to BeaverTail Video Conference App Phishing Attack](https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/fake-north-korean-it-worker-activity-cluster/) * [North Korea](https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/tag/north-korea/ "North Korea") * [Lazarus](https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/tag/lazarus/ "Lazarus") * [BeaverTail](https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/tag/beavertail/ "BeaverTail") [Read now ![Right arrow](https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/wp-content/themes/unit42-v6/dist/images/icons/icon-right-arrow-withtail.svg)](https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/fake-north-korean-it-worker-activity-cluster/ "Fake North Korean IT Worker Linked to BeaverTail Video Conference App Phishing Attack") * ![Slider arrow](https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/wp-content/themes/unit42-v6/dist/images/icons/slider-arrow-left.svg) * ![Slider arrow](https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/wp-content/themes/unit42-v6/dist/images/icons/slider-arrow-left.svg) ![Close button](https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/wp-content/themes/unit42-v6/dist/images/icons/close-modal.svg) ![Enlarged Image]() ![Newsletter](https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/03/unit42-footer-subscribe-desktop.png) ![UNIT 42 Small Logo](https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/wp-content/themes/unit42-v6/dist/images/palo-alto-logo-small.svg) Get updates from Unit 42 ## Peace of mind comes from staying ahead of threats. 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