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[Malware](https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/category/malware/ "Malware") [Malware](https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/category/malware/) # Trends in Web Threats in CY Q2 2022: Malicious JavaScript Downloaders Are Evolving ![Clock Icon](https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/wp-content/themes/unit42-v6/dist/images/icons/icon-clock.svg) 8 min read Related Products [![Advanced DNS Security icon](https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/06/strata_RGB_logo_Icon_Color.png)Advanced DNS Security](https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/product-category/advanced-dns-security/ "Advanced DNS Security")[![Advanced Threat Prevention icon](https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/06/strata_RGB_logo_Icon_Color.png)Advanced Threat Prevention](https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/product-category/advanced-threat-prevention/ "Advanced Threat Prevention")[![Advanced URL Filtering 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We define a malicious landing URL as one that allows a user to click a malicious link. A malicious host URL is a page containing a malicious code snippet that could abuse someone's computing power, steal sensitive information or perform other types of attacks. Our researchers regularly track web threats to better understand trends that develop over time. This blog will cover trends we've identified between April 2022 and June 2022 using our web threat detection module. Our detection module found around 751,000 incidents of malicious landing URLs containing different kinds of web threats, 253,000 (around one third) of which are unique URLs. In addition, the detection module also detected around 1,740,000 malicious host URLs, 256,000 (almost 15%) of which are unique. In this blog, we present our analysis and findings of these web threat trends, including the following information: * When these web threats were more active * Where they were hosted * What categories they belong to * Which malware families are the most prevalent We will also examine a malicious downloader case study regarding a campaign that shows how malicious JavaScript downloaders are evolving to evade different kinds of detections. Palo Alto Networks customers receive protections from the web threats discussed here, as well as many others, via the [Advanced](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/network-security/advanced-url-filtering)[URL Filtering](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/products/threat-detection-and-prevention/web-security), [DNS Security](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/network-security/dns-security) and [Threat Prevention](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/products/secure-the-network/subscriptions/threat-prevention) cloud-delivered security services. |----------------------------------------------|---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------| | Types of Attacks and Vulnerabilities Covered | [Skimmer attacks](https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/tag/web-skimmer/), [malware](https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/tag/malware/) | | Related Unit 42 Topics | [Information disclosure,](https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/tag/information-disclosure/) [A Closer Look at the Web Skimmer](https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/web-skimmer/) | ## Web Threats Landing URLs: Detection Analysis Between April and June 2022, we collected data from our customers with our [Advanced](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/network-security/advanced-url-filtering)[URL Filtering](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/products/threat-detection-and-prevention/web-security) subscription, within the web threat detection module which uses special YARA signatures. We detected 751,331 incidents of landing URLs, containing all kinds of web threats, such as web skimmers and web scams. 253,644 of these landing URLS were unique. Compared with the results from [last quarter (Q1 2022)](https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/web-threat-trends-web-skimmer/), which had a total of 577,275 detected landing URLs and 116,643 unique URLs, we can see the totals rose in Q2. ### Web Threats Landing URLs Detection: Time Analysis Figure 1 shows the total number of web threat hits in Q2 of 2022, how many of those hits were unique, and how many of those hits were also observed last quarter. As we can see, the repeated unique number from Q1 is low, which suggests that attackers are always trying to target new entry points. ![Bar chart describing web threats landing URLs distribution April-June 2022. Blue bars indicate all detections, including repeated detections of the same URL, red bars indicate detection of unique URLs, and orange bars indicate a detection that was seen in 2022 Q1 but unique in 2022 Q2.](https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/chart-12.png) Figure 1. Web threats landing URLs distribution April-June 2022. (Blue bars indicate all detections, including repeated detections of the same URL, and red bars indicate detection of unique URLs. Orange bars indicate a detection that was seen in Q1 2022 but unique in Q2 2022 ). ### Web Threats Landing URLs: Geolocation Analysis According to our analysis, the previously mentioned 253,644 unique URLs are from 34,833 unique domains. After identifying the geographical locations for these domain names, we found the majority of them seem to originate from the United States, followed by Germany and Russia, as was also the case last quarter. However, we recognize attackers are leveraging proxy servers and VPNs located in those countries to hide their actual physical locations. The choropleth map shown in Figure 2 indicates the wide distribution of these domain names across almost every continent. Figure 3 shows the top eight countries where the owners of these domain names appear to be located. ![Choropleth map showing the geolocation distribution of landing URLs between April and June 2022](https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/word-image-36.png) Figure 2. Web threat landing URLs' domain geolocation distribution April-June 2022. ![Pie chart showing distribution of originating country of landing URLs from April to June 2022. United States - 64.4%, Germany - 4.9%, Russia - 2.0%, France - 2.0%, Canada - 1.8%, United Kingdom - 1.7%, Netherlands - 1.7%, India - 1.3%, Others - 20.2%](https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/chart-13.png) Figure 3. Top eight countries where web threat landing URLs' domains originated April-June 2022. ### Web Threats Landing URLs: Category Analysis We analyzed the landing URLs initially identified by our detection model as benign, to find the common targets for these cyberattackers and where they may be trying to fool users. These landing URLs lead to people clicking on malicious host URLs. Going forward, all these landing URLs that lead to malicious code snippets will be marked as malicious by our product. As shown in Figure 4, the top apparently benign targets are personal sites and blogs, followed by business and economy sites, and computer and internet information sites. Compared to last quarter, computer and internet information sites take third place over shopping sites. Because attackers often try to trick users into following malicious links from seemingly benign sites, we strongly recommend users exercise caution when visiting unfamiliar websites. ![Pie chart showing the top 10 categories hosting web threats from April to June 2022. Personal sites and blogs - 14.3%, business and economy sites - 13.8%, computer and internet - 7.8%, shopping - 5.5%, health and medicine - 4.7%, society - 4.6%, entertainment and arts - 4.4%, search engines - 3.7%, parked - 3.4%, travel - 3.2%, Others - 34.7%](https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/chart-14.png) Figure 4. We divided landing URLs that originally appeared benign into categories. Here are the top 10 categories that hosted web threats April-June 2022. ## Web Threats Malicious Host URLs: Detection Analysis With [Advanced](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/network-security/advanced-url-filtering)[URL Filtering](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/products/threat-detection-and-prevention/web-security), we detected 1,744,629 incidents of malicious host URLs from April to June 2022, of which 256,844 are unique URLs. The following section will take a closer look at those malicious host URLs. ("Malicious host URLs" specifically refers to pages containing malicious snippets that could abuse users' computing power, steal sensitive information, and so on). Although the total number of hits is similar to [last quarter](https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/web-threat-trends-web-skimmer/)'s total, the number of unique hits is much greater. This number rose by 42%, suggesting attackers are trying more variants with malicious behavior. ### Web Threats Malicious Host URLs Detection: Time Analysis Figure 5 shows the total number of web threat hits, including those categorized as unique hits. ![Bar chart showing April-June 2022 on the X-axis, and 0-1,000,000 on the Y-axis. Key indicates blue bars are all hits, and red bars are unique hits. April 2022 = 805,6924 total hits: 76,866 unique hits. May 2022 = 385,834 total hits: 64,553 unique hits. June 2022 = 553,103 total hits: 115,425 unique hits.](https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/chart-15.png) Figure 5. Web threats malicious host URLs distribution from April-June 2022. ### Web Threats Malicious Host URLs Detection: Geolocation Analysis In our geolocation analysis of host URLS, we discovered that the 256,844 unique malicious host URLs belong to 23,663 unique domains. This is fewer unique domains than we observed for landing URLs. After identifying the apparent geographical locations for these domain names, we found that the majority of them seem to originate from the United States -- as we observe for web threats generally. Figure 6 shows a heat map illustrating these findings. ![Choropleth map showing the geolocation distribution of malicious host URLs from April to June 2022](https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/word-image-37.png) Figure 6. Web threats malicious host URLs' domain geolocation distribution April-June 2022. Figure 7 shows the top eight countries where the owners of these domain names appear to be located. Compared to what we observed for web threats overall -- the top three countries were the United States, Germany and Russia -- the top three host domain countries for malicious host URLs were the same. This matches our findings from last quarter. ![Pie chart showing distribution of originating country of malicious host URLs from April to June 2022. United States - 66.0%, Germany - 4.8%, Russia - 2.4%, France - 1.7%, United Kingdom - 1.6%, Canada - 1.6%, Netherlands - 1.6%, India - 1.4%, Others - 18.9%](https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/chart-16.png) Figure 7. Top eight countries where web threats malicious host URLs' domains appeared to be located April-June 2022. ### Web Threats Malware Class Analysis The top five web threats we observed are cryptominers, JavaScript downloaders, web skimmers, web scams and JavaScript redirectors. To define these classes, please refer to our blog, "[The Year in Web Threats: Web Skimmers Take Advantage of Cloud Hosting and More](https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/web-threats-trends-web-skimmers/)". As shown in Figure 8, JavaScript downloader threats showed the most activity, followed by web skimmers and web miners (aka cryptominers). This finding is similar to last quarter. ![Bar chart showing js\_downloader, web\_miner, web\_skimmer, web\_scam and js\_redirector on the X-axis, and 0-1,000,000 on the Y-axis. Key indicates blue bars are all hits, and red bars are unique hits. Js\_downloader = 930,359 total hits: 112,422 unique hits. Web\_miner = 327,472 total hits: 25,590 unique hits. Web\_skimmer = 337,710 total hits: 71,468 unique hits. Web\_scam = 18,132 total hits: 3,749 unique hits. Js\_redirector = 92,157 total hits: 2,988 unique hits.](https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/chart-17.png) Figure 8. Top five web threats category distribution April-June 2022. ### Web Threats Malware Family Analysis Based on our classification of web threats explained in the previous section, we further organized our set of web threats by malware family. The family is important to understanding how threats work, because threats in the same family share similar JavaScript code even if the HTML landing pages where they appear have different layouts and styles. As we did in our yearly analysis, [The Year in Web Threats: Web Skimmers Take Advantage of Cloud Hosting and More](https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/web-threats-trends-web-skimmers/), we identified pieces of malware as part of a family by checking for certain characteristics: similar code patterns or behaviors, or having originated from the same attacker. Figure 9 shows the number of snippets observed for the top 10 malware families we identified. As we've seen previously, there were fewer families of JS redirectors, web scams and JS downloaders, while web skimmers show more diversity in code and behavior. ![Bar chart showing the web threat families along the X-axis, and 0-200,000 on the Y-axis. Key indicates that blue bars are total hits, and red bars are unique hits.](https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/chart-18.png) Figure 9. Web threat malware family distribution from April-June 2022. ## Web Threats Case Study: Malicious JavaScript Downloader Among all of the web threats we detected during this analysis, the most notable was a malicious JavaScript downloader commonly injected into webpages from a popular content management system. This downloader is injected into a legitimate webpage and redirects the user to ads, spam, etc. We found many websites infected with variants from the same family, which is evolving to evade detection. When we first found this malware family, it was not obfuscated at all. But from a sample we found in the second quarter of 2022, we see it is lightly obfuscated to hide the redirection URL. Figure 10 shows the malicious JavaScript code snippet from the source code of the compromised website. ![JavaScript code snippet from the source code of the compromised website, lightly obfuscated with CharCode.](https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/word-image-38.png) Figure 10. Source code of a malicious injected JavaScript code snippet. As we can see, the snippet is lightly obfuscated with CharCode. After we deobfuscate the sample, we get the code shown in Figure 11. The malicious JavaScript code creates several new script elements that redirect website visitors to another malicious destination. This example code is under the head of the page, which will be triggered whenever the page is clicked. We identified several malicious domains, including train\[.\]developfirstline\[.\]com, js\[.\]digestcolect\[.\]com and stat\[.\]trackstatisticsss\[.\]com. ![Deobfuscated source code showing several malicious domains](https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/word-image-39.png) Figure 11. Deobfuscated source code of a malicious injected JavaScript code snippet. From a more recent sample we found in this malicious downloader family, the whole JavaScript code is highly obfuscated, as shown in Figure 12. After we deobfuscated the JavaScript function eval, the malicious code is like Figure 11 shown above. ![Highly obfuscated code from a malicious downloader sample](https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/word-image-40.png) Figure 12. Source code of a highly obfuscated malicious downloader sample. From our detection data, we found around 5,000 hits for this type of JavaScript injection from our customers. This threat infected around 300 different domains from April 2022 to June 2022, which shows how active this malicious JavaScript downloader family is. ## Conclusion As we highlighted in this blog, the most prevalent web threats are still JS downloaders, cryptominers, web skimmers, web scams and JS redirectors. Of the landing URLs we analyzed, the top three verticals targeted by attackers were personal sites and blogs, business and economy sites, and computer and internet information sites. We found one threat particularly notable, where a JavaScript downloader evolved over time to more effectively evade detection. Earlier in its history, variants from this family were less obfuscated, but more recent versions are more highly obfuscated. While cybercriminals continue to seek opportunities for malicious cyber activities, Palo Alto Networks customers receive protection from the web threat attacks discussed here as well as many others, via the [Advanced](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/network-security/advanced-url-filtering) [URL Filtering](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/products/threat-detection-and-prevention/web-security), [DNS Security](https://docs.paloaltonetworks.com/dns-security) and [Threat Prevention](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/products/secure-the-network/subscriptions/threat-prevention) cloud-delivered security services. We also recommend the following actions: * Continuously update your [Next-Generation Firewalls](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/network-security/next-generation-firewall) with the latest Palo Alto Networks Advanced Threat Prevention and [Advanced](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/network-security/advanced-url-filtering) [URL Filtering](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/products/threat-detection-and-prevention/web-security) content. * Run a [Best Practice Assessment](https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/services/bpa) to improve your security posture. * Identify any vulnerabilities and risks in your business by performing a complimentary [Security Lifecycle Review (SLR)](https://start.paloaltonetworks.com/security-lifecycle-review-risk-assessment.html). If you think you may have been compromised or have an urgent matter, get in touch with the[Unit 42 Incident Response team](https://start.paloaltonetworks.com/contact-unit42.html) or call: * North America Toll-Free: 866.486.4842 (866.4.UNIT42) * EMEA: +31.20.299.3130 * APAC: +65.6983.8730 * Japan: +81.50.1790.0200 ## Indicators of Compromise **Malicious Web Skimmer SHA256:** bb38741575706a94cc1a3ab43d445b641b2c225f408d67a76d3302ca1233e122 Train\[.\]developfirstline\[.\]com Js\[.\]digestcolect\[.\]com stat\[.\]trackstatisticsss\[.\]com ## Acknowledgements We would like to thank Mike Harbison, Billy Melicher, Alex Starov, Jun Javier Wang and Laura Novak for their help with the blog. Back to top ### Tags * [Information disclosure](https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/tag/information-disclosure/ "information disclosure") * [Trends](https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/tag/trends/ "trends") * [Web skimmer](https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/tag/web-skimmer/ "web skimmer") * [Web threats](https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/tag/web-threats/ "web threats") [Threat Research Center](https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com "Threat Research") [Next: CNAME Cloaking: Disguising Third Parties Through the DNS](https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/cname-cloaking/ "CNAME Cloaking: Disguising Third Parties Through the DNS") ### Table of Contents * ### Related Articles * [ApateWeb: An Evasive Large-Scale Scareware and PUP Delivery Campaign](https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/apateweb-scareware-pup-delivery-campaign/ "article - table of contents") * [Parrot TDS: A Persistent and Evolving Malware Campaign](https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/parrot-tds-javascript-evolution-analysis/ "article - table of contents") * [Why Is an Australian Footballer Collecting My Passwords? The Various Ways Malicious JavaScript Can Steal Your Secrets](https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/malicious-javascript-steals-sensitive-data/ "article - table of contents") ## Related Malware Resources ![Pictorial representation of post-exploitation identity misuse in SPIFFE/SPIRE. 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A close-up of a computer circuit board with a central microchip is depicted. Red digital data streams in the form of glowing binary numbers and arrows appear to flow in and out of the chip, symbolizing data processing and transfer. The scene is illuminated with a futuristic blue and red glow.](https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/09/04_Malware_Category_1920x900-6-786x368.jpg) [![category icon](https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/06/icon-threat-research.svg)Threat Research](https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/category/threat-research/) September 9, 2026 [#### Untracked Nightmares: The Threats Hiding Behind Commodity Infrastructure](https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/ppi-network-malware-campaign-analysis/) * [ARKTunnel](https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/tag/arktunnel/ "ARKTunnel") * [C2](https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/tag/c2/ "C2") * [CL-CRI-1171](https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/tag/cl-cri-1171/ "CL-CRI-1171") [Read now ![Right arrow](https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/wp-content/themes/unit42-v6/dist/images/icons/icon-right-arrow-withtail.svg)](https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/ppi-network-malware-campaign-analysis/ "Untracked Nightmares: The Threats Hiding Behind Commodity Infrastructure") ![Pictorial representation of attackers using AI tools to target Latin American organizations. A vibrant cityscape with silhouettes of numerous people walking along a bustling street. The scene is illuminated by bright urban lights and digital-like particles, creating a dynamic and futuristic atmosphere.](https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/09/AdobeStock_768915868-2-1-786x373.jpg) [![category icon](https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/06/icon-threat-research.svg)Threat Research](https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/category/threat-research/) September 3, 2026 [#### Attackers Expose Ongoing AI Tool Use Targeting Organizations in Latin America](https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/ai-tool-use-targeting-latam-orgs/) * [Agentic AI](https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/tag/agentic-ai/ "Agentic AI") * [ChatGPT](https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/tag/chatgpt/ "ChatGPT") * [CL-CRI-1131](https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/tag/cl-cri-1131/ "CL-CRI-1131") [Read now ![Right arrow](https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/wp-content/themes/unit42-v6/dist/images/icons/icon-right-arrow-withtail.svg)](https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/ai-tool-use-targeting-latam-orgs/ "Attackers Expose Ongoing AI Tool Use Targeting Organizations in Latin America") ![Pictorial representation of vishing campaigns in Microsoft Teams. A digital image of a skull formed by blue binary code on a black background, with scattered ones and zeros and digital noise, symbolizes how stealthy prompt injection attacks can exploit AI logic to bypass security controls.](https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/08/01_Malware_Category_1920x900-5-786x368.jpg) [![category icon](https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/06/icon-threat-research.svg)Threat Research](https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/category/threat-research/) August 31, 2026 [#### Spring Ring: An Inside Look at Voice Phishing Campaigns in Microsoft Teams](https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/spring-ring-voice-phishing-campaigns/) * [Cloaked Ursa](https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/tag/cloaked-ursa/ "Cloaked Ursa") * [Entra ID](https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/tag/entra-id/ "Entra ID") * [Microsoft Teams](https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/tag/microsoft-teams/ "Microsoft Teams") [Read now ![Right arrow](https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/wp-content/themes/unit42-v6/dist/images/icons/icon-right-arrow-withtail.svg)](https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/spring-ring-voice-phishing-campaigns/ "Spring Ring: An Inside Look at Voice Phishing Campaigns in Microsoft Teams") ![Pictorial representation of AI-enabled malware. A vibrant digital interface displaying various icons and graphs, resembling a futuristic network or data analysis dashboard. The scene is illuminated with glowing lights and patterns.](https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/08/AdobeStock_1270203474-2-1-786x368.png) [![category icon](https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/06/icon-threat-research.svg)Threat Research](https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/category/threat-research/) August 25, 2026 [#### The State of AI-Enabled Malware August 2026: From Brand Abuse to Agentic Execution](https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/ai-enabled-malware-analysis/) * [Backdoor](https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/tag/backdoor/ "backdoor") * [Bitcoin](https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/tag/bitcoin/ "Bitcoin") * [DLL hijacking](https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/tag/dll-hijacking/ "DLL hijacking") [Read now ![Right arrow](https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/wp-content/themes/unit42-v6/dist/images/icons/icon-right-arrow-withtail.svg)](https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/ai-enabled-malware-analysis/ "The State of AI-Enabled Malware August 2026: From Brand Abuse to Agentic Execution") ![Pictorial representation of identity abuse through trusted communication channels. Close-up view of a digital screen displaying a glitched and pixelated image of a skull-like shape.](https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/08/02_Malware_Category_1920x900-2-786x368.jpg) [![category icon](https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/06/icon-threat-research.svg)Threat Research](https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/category/threat-research/) August 20, 2026 [#### Identity Abuse Through Trusted Communication Channels](https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/communication-channel-identity-risks/) * [Authentication](https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/tag/authentication/ "authentication") * [Identity theft](https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/tag/identity-theft/ "identity theft") * [Malware](https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/tag/malware/ "malware") [Read now ![Right arrow](https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/wp-content/themes/unit42-v6/dist/images/icons/icon-right-arrow-withtail.svg)](https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/communication-channel-identity-risks/ "Identity Abuse Through Trusted Communication Channels") ![Pictorial representation of Kimwolf botnet malware family. Digital screen with a warning sign reading "Malware." The background features lines of computer code and graphics, creating a sense of cybersecurity threat.](https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/08/07_Malware_Category_1920x900-3-786x368.jpg) [![category icon](https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/06/icon-threat-research.svg)Threat Research](https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/category/threat-research/) August 11, 2026 [#### Kimwolf v7: An Evolution of the Kimwolf Botnet](https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/kimwolf-v7-botnet-malware/) * [Android APK](https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/tag/android-apk/ "Android APK") * [Ethereum](https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/tag/ethereum/ "Ethereum") * [HTTP](https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/tag/http/ "HTTP") [Read now ![Right arrow](https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/wp-content/themes/unit42-v6/dist/images/icons/icon-right-arrow-withtail.svg)](https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/kimwolf-v7-botnet-malware/ "Kimwolf v7: An Evolution of the Kimwolf Botnet") ![Pictorial representatiom pf Aeternum's blockchain C2. A close-up of a computer circuit board with a central microchip is depicted. Red digital data streams in the form of glowing binary numbers and arrows appear to flow in and out of the chip. The scene is illuminated with a futuristic blue and red glow.](https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/08/04_Malware_Category_1920x900-4-786x368.jpg) [![category icon](https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/06/icon-threat-research.svg)Threat Research](https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/category/threat-research/) August 10, 2026 [#### The Permanent Threat: Analyzing Aeternum's Blockchain-Based C2 Operations and Communications](https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/aeternum-blockchain-c2-analysis/) * [Aeternum](https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/tag/aeternum/ "Aeternum") * [Infection chain](https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/tag/infection-chain/ "infection chain") * [JSON](https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/tag/json/ "JSON") [Read now ![Right arrow](https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/wp-content/themes/unit42-v6/dist/images/icons/icon-right-arrow-withtail.svg)](https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/aeternum-blockchain-c2-analysis/ "The Permanent Threat: Analyzing Aeternum’s Blockchain-Based C2 Operations and Communications") ![Pictorial representation of ChainDrop, a self-propagating npm worm. An artistic depiction of a digital workspace featuring an open laptop with a red virus on the screen.](https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/08/03_Malware_Category_1920x900-7-786x368.jpg) [![category icon](https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/top-threats.svg)High Profile Threats](https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/category/top-cyberthreats/) August 6, 2026 [#### ChainDrop: Inside a Self-Propagating npm Worm](https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/chaindrop-npm-worm-analysis/) * [Blockchain](https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/tag/blockchain/ "blockchain") * [ChainDrop](https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/tag/chaindrop/ "ChainDrop") * [Claude code](https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/tag/claude-code/ "Claude code") [Read now ![Right arrow](https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/wp-content/themes/unit42-v6/dist/images/icons/icon-right-arrow-withtail.svg)](https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/chaindrop-npm-worm-analysis/ "ChainDrop: Inside a Self-Propagating npm Worm") ![Pictorial representation of Token-jacking. A person types on a laptop with multiple digital interface elements projected, including an "AI" icon](https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/08/AdobeStock_1246251272-2-786x369.jpg) [![category icon](https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/06/icon-threat-research.svg)Threat Research](https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/category/threat-research/) August 6, 2026 [#### Token Jacking: Cybercriminals Could Be Stealing Your AI Resources](https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/ai-token-jacking/) * [AI API](https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/tag/ai-api/ "AI API") * [AI gateway](https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/tag/ai-gateway/ "AI gateway") * [API keys](https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/tag/api-keys/ "API keys") [Read now ![Right arrow](https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/wp-content/themes/unit42-v6/dist/images/icons/icon-right-arrow-withtail.svg)](https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/ai-token-jacking/ "Token Jacking: Cybercriminals Could Be Stealing Your AI Resources") * ![Slider arrow](https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/wp-content/themes/unit42-v6/dist/images/icons/slider-arrow-left.svg) * ![Slider arrow](https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/wp-content/themes/unit42-v6/dist/images/icons/slider-arrow-left.svg) ![Close button](https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/wp-content/themes/unit42-v6/dist/images/icons/close-modal.svg) ![Enlarged Image]() ![Newsletter](https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/03/unit42-footer-subscribe-desktop.png) ![UNIT 42 Small Logo](https://unit42.paloaltonetworks.com/wp-content/themes/unit42-v6/dist/images/palo-alto-logo-small.svg) Get updates from Unit 42 ## Peace of mind comes from staying ahead of threats. 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